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Messerschmitt Me 264
The Messerschmitt Me 264 ''Amerika'' was a long-range strategic bomber developed during World War II for the German ''Luftwaffe''. It was intended to serve as Germany's main strategic bomber. The design was later selected as Messerschmitt's competitor in the ''Reichsluftfahrtministerium''s (the German Air Ministry) "Amerika Bomber" programme, which intended to develop a strategic bomber capable of attacking New York City from bases in France or the Azores. Three prototypes were built, but production was abandoned to allow Messerschmitt to concentrate on fighter production while another design, the Junkers Ju 390, had been selected in its place as a maritime reconnaissance aircraft.
==Development==
The origin of the Me 264 design came from Messerschmitt's long-range reconnaissance aircraft project, the P.1061, of the late 1930s. A variant on the P.1061 was the P.1062 of which three prototypes were built, with only two "engines" to the P.1061's four, but they were, in fact, the more powerful Daimler-Benz DB 606s, each comprising a pair of DB 601 inverted V-12 engines, successfully used in the long-range Messerschmitt Me 261, itself originating as the Messerschmitt P.1064 design of 1937. The DB 606's later use, and badly designed engine installations in the Heinkel He 177A's airframe design managed to get them derided by ''Reichsmarschall'' Hermann Göring as "welded-together engines" in August 1942. In early 1941, six P.1061 prototypes were ordered from Messerschmitt, under the designation Me 264. This was later reduced to three prototypes.
The progress of these projects was initially slow, but after Germany had declared war on the United States, the ''Reichsluftfahrtministerium'' (RLM) started a more serious programme in the spring of 1942 for a very long range bomber, with the result that a larger, six-engine aircraft with a greater bomb load was called for. To meet this demand, proposals were put forward for the Junkers Ju 390, Focke-Wulf Ta 400, a redesign of the unfinalized and unbuilt Heinkel He 277 design to give the Heinkel firm an entry in the ''Amerika Bomber'' program later in 1943, and a design study for a six-engine Messerschmitt Me 264B, prompted by the ongoing inability for Germany's aviation powerplant designers to create reliable powerplants of 1,500 kW (2,000 PS) and above power output levels that thwarted efforts to do the same with just four engines instead. As the Junkers Ju 390 could use components already in use for the Ju 290 this design was chosen. The Me 264 was not abandoned however as the ''Kriegsmarine'' (German navy) separately demanded a long-range maritime patrol and attack aircraft to replace the converted Fw 200 ''Condor'' in this role.〔Smith and Kay 1972, p. 550.〕 This was reinforced by an opinion given by then-''Generalmajor'' Eccard Freiherr von Gablenz of the ''Wehrmacht Heer'' (German Army) in May 1942, as von Gablenz had been recruited by ''Generalfeldmarschall'' Erhard Milch at the time to give his opinion on the suitability of the Me 264 for the Amerika Bomber mission, with von Gablenz echoing the ''Kriegsmarine's'' later opinion. As a result, the two pending prototypes were ordered to be completed as development prototypes for the Me 264A ultra long-range reconnaissance aircraft.〔Green 1970, p. 641.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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